How does high-speed electronic axis machinery and equipment achieve precise tension control?
Publish Time: 2025-02-13
High-speed electronic axis machinery and equipment achieves precise tension control mainly through the following key technologies and system components:1. Tension control principleWhen the printing press is working, the outer diameter of the roll substrate changes continuously, the center of gravity of the substrate does not coincide with the flip axis, the substrate is replaced or the equipment running speed is changed, which may cause the tension on the substrate to change, resulting in unstable paper feeding, wrinkling and ghosting of printed products, and even substrate breakage or blockage. Therefore, the tension needs to be kept constant during the printing process. The basic principle of tension control is to control the output voltage of the motor through an electronic tension controller, thereby adjusting the feedback value of the tension sensor signal, and then controlling the unwinding tension.2. Tension control systemHigh-speed electronic axis machinery and equipment are usually equipped with advanced tension control systems, which can monitor and adjust the tension on the printing material in real time. Common tension control methods include constant tension control and taper tension control, and the tension control methods are divided into indirect tension control and direct tension control:Indirect tension control: There is no tension feedback device, which belongs to an open-loop control system, and tension control is mainly achieved through compensation adjustment.Direct tension control: the mainstream control method of gravure printing presses at present. It detects the material tension by using a floating roller or a tension sensor, compares it with the given tension, and then compensates for the error value. The commonly used tension detection method is the floating roller. In steady state, the tension on the material belt is consistent with the thrust of the cylinder, and the floating roller is in a vertical state; when the tension changes, the floating roller will rotate, and the potentiometer will produce a value change.3. Multi-stage tension controlHigh-speed electronic axis machinery and equipment From unwinding to rewinding, the gravure printing press can be divided into multiple tension control areas, in which the control method of the rewinding tension area is basically the same as that of the traction tension area. However, since the rewinding has the function of automatic reel change, its mechanical structure is more complex and involves more processes, so the requirements for tension control are higher. Each tension area of the printing press must ensure constant material tension, synchronous speed, and fast response speed.4. Key components and technologiesTension sensor: Real-time monitoring of tension changes on the printing material, and feedback of the signal to the tension controller.Tension controller: According to the feedback signal of the tension sensor, the output voltage or output torque of the motor is adjusted to achieve precise control of the tension.Servo motor and inverter: As actuators, servo motor and inverter jointly drive each transmission shaft of the printing press to ensure accurate speed and position control during tension control.PLC central control system: As the control center of the entire printing press, PLC is responsible for receiving signals from tension sensors and other sensors, calculating the required tension control parameters through preset algorithms and programs, and sending them to the tension controller and servo motor for execution.5. Other auxiliary measuresPre-drive control and automatic cutting control: This is the key to achieving smooth switching between new and old material rolls. This part of the action control is all automatically completed by the PLC program to ensure smooth tension transition during roll change and avoid the influence of sudden tension changes on color registration accuracy.Roll diameter detection and calculation: Real-time and high-precision roll diameter calculation is the key to maintaining stable tension. During the printing process, the diameters of the winding roller and the unwinding roller are constantly changing. When the linear speed of the whole machine remains unchanged, the angular velocity needs to be continuously adjusted to maintain stable tension.High-speed electronic axis machinery and equipment achieves precise tension control through the combined effect of advanced tension control systems, multi-stage tension control strategies, key components and technologies, and auxiliary measures. This helps to improve the quality, stability, and production efficiency of printed products.
